How to backup user on Linux

Backup the following files:
/etc/passwd
/etc/shadow
/etc/group
/etc/samba/*
/home/*
If you have to rebuild, you can just copy these files back to their
original locations then restart Samba. All of your Linux and Samba
user accounts will be recreated. It's as simple as that

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Intranet network advantages mentioned above:
1. Simplify network cabling process Network Engineer.
2. The use of cable networks is relatively small (in size).

Intranet Network losses mentioned above:
1. There are nodes that result in collision 
2. The use of cable a relatively more (in size).


Based on CCNA [3], if viewed from the network there are some good collision in loading data to the server or Internet connection, namely between the APU switch to switch MBC1 and Switch Switch HRD with Accounting.
 effects of the collision above is the use of greater bandwidth in one network, so that local network traffic becomes congested.

On the other hand Internet Protocol / IP that is in use is the IP class A, ie starting with the default 126 255 255 254 1.0.0.1 Subnet to 255.0.0.0, so that the IP that we use is a class A with an IP Subnet 255.255.255.0, which means that IP that we use have an IP subnet of a class A which has a number of PC 254.

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Distribution of Operating System in My Intranet

I dont Know, that word just out my mouth, last 4 years ago on my office use linux operatyng system, microsoft just 25 %, just finance dept use microsoft, but now after 4 years, moving - moving go microsoft, but i am as Admin doesn't like it.  i must often control my system from any hole from microsoft, it's very tired.

on Side, My Server use Linux, i feel enjoy with my server, not give me constrain.   so I want to fight for opensource in order to used in my company, always.

that just my word ......

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Check Port

Examining the port is open is a tool you can use to check your external IP address and detect open ports on your connection. This tool is useful to find out if your port forwarding setup correctly or if your server application is being blocked by a firewall.This tool can also be used as a port scanner to scan your network to a port that is usually forwarded. It is important to note that some ports, like port 25, often blocked at the ISP in an attempt to prevent malicious activity. do you want check port your system, visit http://www.yougetsignal.com/tools/open-ports/

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Formula Granting Salary Increase and Bonuses

Year 2010 has been greeted sweet. So approximately what percentage of your salary will be raised by your office work? And how about a bonus that you receive? Of course the higher, the better - because if you wrote so much for, well ... .. the price of a kilo of chilli sauce pan will rise again soon. If salary naeknya so much for aja and bonus zero, where we can make life saving for the future?
Ideally the amount of increase in salaries and bonuses that could also be fair: that those who are performing well of course entitled to a percent increase in salary and bonuses are more fantastic than those who work and quality ngasal Brekele.
Unfortunately, building a system capable of distinguishing great perfomers with poor performers not as easily make instant noodle stew. As a result, there are many companies who then generalize the amount of annual salary increases and bonuses to all employees. No matter that some of them really work hard sweat, and some also work spurious.
Of course it would be afdol if there is a mechanism that makes the increase of salaries and bonuses could be more fair. Here are two formulas or methods that are sometimes used by companies to make a differentiation between a good employee who did not.
Rank Forced method. This method is partly driven by a sense of dismay the management was reluctant to see the boss (or embarrassed and afraid) to distinguish employees work performance. As a result we often see the boss gives an A all the subordinates (I do not have the heart to pack if you have to love me the value of C to the staff, so "beautiful reasons" that appears. Duh!).
So then came the idea of forced rank. This method is essentially forcing the bosses to rank his men, from highest to lowest. For example, if a boss has 5 kids fruit, then he must rank fifth, ranging from who is at rank number one and number five (ranking criteria refers to the daily performance of his men).
Through this method of forced rank, the bosses are forced to seriously identify who has a good performance (and therefore worthy to rank number 1), who's number 2, and so on. With this method, then the boss no longer can no longer perform the generalization assessments to their subordinates (which often hide the fact that some of his subordinates are better than others).
Slowly, through a system of forced rank, then created a mechanism to differentiate their differentiation and are not robust. Of course, for those who rank higher then deserved salary increases and bonuses are larger than the rank is rated lower.
Normal Distribution Method. This method actually has a similarity with forced rank. Both depart from the spirit that there should be a division between a good performance with a mediocre. But if forced to force rank ranking division one by one (from the number one ranking until the very bottom), then the normal distribution method based on distribution of performance percentage, and is usually applied at the level of department / division.
For instance, the marketing division has 100 employees, the rating assessment of employees should be distributed normally: ie, only 20% are eligible to receive an A, 60% received a B, and 20% get the value of C (compositions can also be as follows: ration value A = 20%, the value of B = 30%, the value C = 30%, and the quota value of D = 20%). In essence, the assessment rating of A s / d C or D should be distributed equally, and should not be all piled on the value A.
Just as forced rank, the normal distribution method has also insisted that every department is not extravagant to give an A to all employees, and should be more objective in distinguishing between who has a good performance with a no.
Both methods of forced rank and normal distributions encourage every employer to make distinctions of performance ratings to their subordinates. It is expected that in this way, the amount of increase in salaries and bonuses could be more fair.

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Wikileaks still Live

Although expelled and there, WikiLeaks still looking for ways to be able to divulge confidential information the U.S. government (U.S.).Whistleblower site is now providing four new domains that can be accessed internet users.
Through his official Twitter account, WikiLeaks said that the site can now be accessed through the address http://wikileaks.de/, http://wikileaks.fi/ and http://wikileaks.nl/
Tweet posted about 14 hours ago This shows that the Wikileaks domain are now sheltering in the countries in Europe. as is known, wikiLeaks.de address refers to Germany, Finland and wikiLeaks.nl wikiLeaks.fi to refer the Netherlands.
Previously, about 22 hours ago, WikiLeaks also reported that its site is now moved to Switzerland and can be accessed through http://wikileaks.ch/.

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CCNA Exploration 4.0: Network Fundamentals - Chapter 10 Exam Answers

1

Refer to the exhibit. A student working in the lab selects a cable that is wired as shown. Which connection types can successfully be made with this cable? (Choose two.)

connecting a PC to a router's console port
* connecting two routers together via their fast ethernet ports
* connecting two switches together at gigabit speeds
connecting a PC to a switch at Gigabit Ethernet speeds
connecting two devices with the same interface type at Fast Ethernet speeds

2
Which three statements are true about the role of routers in the network? (Choose three.)
They propagate broadcasts.
They enlarge collision domains.
They segment broadcast domains.
* They interconnect different network technologies.
* Each router interface requires a separate network or subnet.
* They maintain a common frame format between LAN and WAN interfaces.

3
Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has decided to use packet capture software to evaluate all traffic from the student subnet on the way to the Internet. To ensure that all packets are captured, what network device should be used to connect the monitoring station to the network between R1 and R2?
* router
hub
switch
wireless access point

4
A network administrator is required to use media in the network that can run up to 100 meters in cable length without using repeaters. The chosen media must be inexpensive and easily installed. The installation will be in a pre-existing building with limited cabling space. Which type of media would best meet these requirements?
STP
* UTP
coaxial
single-mode fiber
multimode fiber

5
Refer to the exhibit. Which three statements are true about the exhibited topology? (Choose three.)
Hosts B and C are in the same subnet.
* Five broadcast domains are present.
* Host B is using a crossover cable to connect to the router.
Four broadcast domains are present.
xFive networks are shown.
Host B is using a rollover cable to connect to the router.

6
Which three types of connectors are commonly associated with Cisco's V.35 serial cables? (Choose three.)
RJ 11
* DB 60
* Winchester 15 pin
DB 9
* smart serial
RJ 45

7
How many host addresses may be assigned on each subnetwork when using the 130.68.0.0 network address with a subnet mask of 255.255.248.0?
30
256
* 2046
2048
4094
4096

8
Refer to the exhibit. Based on the IP configuration shown, what would be the result of Host A and Host B attempting to communicate outside the network segment?
both host A and B would be successful
* host A would be successful, host B would fail
host B would be successful, host A would fail
both Host A and B would fail

9
Refer to the exhibit. What destination IP address will PC1 place in the header for a packet destined for PC2?
192.168.1.1
192.168.2.1
192.168.2.2
192.168.3.1
* 192.168.3.54

10
Refer to the exhibit. Which three statements identify the type of cabling that would be used in the segments that are shown? (Choose three.)
Segment 1 uses backbone cabling.
* Segment 1 uses a patch cable.
Segment 3 uses patch cabling.
Segment 3 uses vertical cabling.
* Segment 3 uses horizontal cabling.
* Segment 4 uses vertical cabling.

11
A company is planning to subnet its network for a maximum of 27 hosts. Which subnet mask would provide the needed hosts and leave the fewest unused addresses in each subnet?
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.192
* 255.255.255.224
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248

12
Refer to the exhibit. A student is setting up a home network primarily used for extensive file transfers, streaming video, and gaming. Which network device is best suited to these types of activities in the topology shown?
wireless access point
router
hub
* switch

13
Refer to the exhibit. How many subnets are required to support the network that is shown?
2
* 3
4
5

14 

Attenuation

What does the term "attenuation" mean in data communication?
* loss of signal strength as distance increases
time for a signal to reach its destination
leakage of signals from one cable pair to another
strengthening of a signal by a networking device

15 

To establish a console connection from a computer to a Cisco router, which cable wiring option would be used?
* crossover cable
straight through cable
rollover cable
V.35 cable

16
What makes fiber preferable to copper cabling for interconnecting buildings? (Choose three.)
* greater distances per cable run
lower installation cost
xlimited susceptibility to EMI/RFI
durable connections
xgreater bandwidth potential
easily terminated

17

Refer to the exhibit. A network technician has been allocated the 192.168.1.0/24 private IP address range for use in the network that shown in the exhibit. Which subnet mask would be used to meet the host requirements for segment A of this internetwork?

* 255.255.255.128
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248

18
Which subnet mask would be assigned to the network address of 192.168.32.0 to provide 254 useable host addresses per subnetwork?
255.255.0.0
* 255.255.255.0
255.255.254.0
255.255.248.0

19

What type of network cable is used between a terminal and a console port?
cross-over
straight-through
* roll-over
patch cable

20
Which option identifies the primary interface which would be used for initial configuration of a Cisco router?
AUX interface
Ethernet interface
serial interface
* console interface

21

What are three common methods for setting a UTP Ethernet port to MDI or MDIX operation? (Choose three.)
direct configuration of the device
* cable color code association
cable selection and configuration
use of cable testers to determine pinouts
* the enabling of the mechanism to electrically swap the transmit and receive pairs
* the automatic detection and negotiating of MDI/MDIX operation of the port

22

Which device is used to create or divide broadcast domains?
hub
switch
bridge
* router
repeater

23

Refer to the exhibit. Assume that all devices are using default settings. How many subnets are required to address the topology that is shown?
1
3
4
* 5
7

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